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Entries in Europe & Russia (4)

Monday
Aug302010

Israel-Palestine Opinion: Hamas, Northern Ireland, and US Diplomacy (Abunimah)

Abu Abunimah writes in The New York Times:

George J. Mitchell, the United States Middle East envoy, tried to counter low expectations for renewed Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations by harking back to his experience as a mediator in Northern Ireland.

At an Aug. 20 news conference with Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, announcing the talks that will begin this week, Mr. Mitchell reminded journalists that during difficult negotiations in Northern Ireland, “We had about 700 days of failure and one day of success” — the day in 1998 that the Belfast Agreement instituting power-sharing between pro-British unionists and Irish nationalists was signed.

Israel-Palestine: The Hamas Factor (Yenidunya)


Mr. Mitchell’s comparison is misleading at best. Success in the Irish talks was the result not just of determination and time, but also a very different United States approach to diplomacy.

The conflict in Northern Ireland had been intractable for decades. Unionists backed by the British government saw any political compromise with Irish nationalists as a danger, one that would lead to a united Ireland in which a Catholic majority would dominate minority Protestant unionists. The British government also refused to deal with the Irish nationalist party Sinn Fein, despite its significant electoral mandate, because of its close ties to the Irish Republican Army, which had carried out violent acts in the United Kingdom.

A parallel can be seen with the American refusal to speak to the Palestinian party Hamas, which decisively won elections in the West Bank and Gaza in 2006. Asked what role Hamas would have in the renewed talks, Mr. Mitchell answered with one word: “None.” No serious analyst believes that peace can be made between Palestinians and Israelis without Hamas on board, any more than could have been the case in Northern Ireland without Sinn Fein and the I.R.A.

The United States insists that Hamas meet strict preconditions before it can take part in negotiations: recognize Israel, renounce violence and abide by agreements previously signed between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, of which Hamas is not a member. These demands are unworkable. Why should Hamas or any Palestinian accept Israel’s political demands, like recognition, when Israel refuses to recognize basic Palestinian demands like the right of return for refugees?...

Read full article....
Tuesday
Aug242010

Iran, Political Prisoners, & New Media: Discovering The Case of Zahra Bahrami

This is a story of an Iranian-Dutch woman who may be facing death in Tehran. It is not a nice story. It is not a story with a happy ending (thank goodness that it has no "ending", given the possibilities, so far).

But at least it is now a public story.

Last year Zahra Bahrami travelled from the Netherlands to visit one of her children in Iran. On 27 December, the day of the Ashura demonstrations, she was accused of taking part in the protests and arrested.

Then Zahra Bahrami effectively disappeared amongst the thousands who have gone through the Iranian prisons since last June's election. She had changed her name slightly to Sahra Baahrami on her Netherlands passport, so no one --- if they knew of her plight --- apparently made the connection between the woman was now in prison and the Dutch citizen.

In April, Reporters and Human Rights Activists in Iran (RAHANA) wrote:
45-year old Zahra Bahrami was brutally arrested and taken to Ward 209 of Evin on December 27, 2009 during the Ashura protests. She has been held in solitary confinement in Ward 209 since her arrest more than 3 months ago. Bahrami has been interrogated numerous times during her detention. The sessions last several hours and are comprised of physical and psychological torture, as well as incessant vulgar insults.

And there was more: some Iran-watchers spoke of the charge of "mohareb" (war against God). If true, that meant Bahrami faced the death penalty if she was convicted.

There was no indication of Bahrami's dual citizenship --- RAHANA said, "Due to her unknown status, Bahrami has been subjected to the harshest physical and mental torture techniques" --- however, when we noted, "Activists are playing close attention to her case," we had learned from EA readers that Bahrami was an Iranian-Dutch national. One of them pointed us to a website which provided further information and urged people to write letters to the Dutch Foreign Minister, Maxine Verhagen, to highlight Bahrami's plight.

This past week, those campaigns culminated in a joint expression of concern by Amnesty International and the Dutch Government. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs at The Hague said, amidst the growing chatter on the Internet, that it had "attempted to obtain an explanation from Iranian authorities, but none [had] been provided". However, with the family confirming to the Ministry on 23 June that Bahrami had been detained and with clarification a month later over the change of name on her passport, Dutch authorities were now convinced of the seriousness of the case.

So now Zahra Bahrami's story is no longer confined to "hot spots" in the new media. EA readers in The Netherlands continued to spread information, and they now report that the political prisoner's situation has moved from dozens of websites to national news and Radio Netherlands Worldwide.

Monday
Aug162010

Russia and Georgia: The Ongoing Conflict over Abkhazia

Aysegul Er writes for EA:

Last Wednesday, Russia deployed a surface-to-air missile system in Abkhazia, the territory which it claims has broken away from Georgia. Air force commander South Ossetia declared that the S-300 system will help to ensure the security of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which Moscow also claims has established its independence from Georgia.

The latest Russia comes after more than 20 years of conflict. In 1989, as Georgian nationalist militias entered Abkhazia, the Soviet Union's Ministry of Interior sent in troops to halt what it claimed was an emerging anti-Abkhaz pogrom.

At the same time, Georgia annulled the acts of the Soviet period, foreseeing an alliance between Georgia and Abkhazia. In response, the Supreme Soviet of Abkhazia (SSA) adopted a declaration of state sovereignty.

Three years later, after the break-up of the Soviet Union, Georgia attacked Abkhazia. The war ended on 30 September 1993, with the regions of Gagra, Ochamchira and Gali given to Abkhazia.

This was far from a resolution, however. Some Abkhazians sought the protection of Russia. Moscow rebuffed the approach, declaring that it would just be a mediator in the conflict. Georgia continued to pursue an autonomous Abkhazia in a unified Georgian State.

In a 1999 referendum, 97.7% of Abkhazians supported the creation of an independent and democratic state, and Abkhazia adopted an Act of State Independence.

In 2008, Russia recognised the independence of Abkhazia amidst its escalating conflict with Georgia. A five-day military clash, which began with Georgian operations in South Ossetia, saw Russian troops, tanks, and armoured vehicles pouring into South Ossetia and Abkhazia and advancing into Georgian cities.

Given this history, the Russian step to replace its missiles in Abkhazian territory is not a surprise. The argument, as expressed by commander Zelin, is that the system is aiming to prevent violations of Abkhazia's airspace, countering any aircraft who enter without permission. The political signal, however, may go well beyond that.
Saturday
Aug142010

Greece: The Economic Crisis Continues (Christodoulou)

Eleni Christodoulou writes for EA:

It was only last week, after panic and media outbursts over the financial crisis, that the words "good", "progress", and even "strong began to appear beside "Greece". This combination, almost an oxymoron to our ears, came after an assessment by a team from the European Union, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund, preceded by a two-week audit, in which the lenders said Greece had made “impressive” progress in revamping its economy, from restructuring pensions to overhauling the tax system.

This report cleared the way for Athens to receive the next installment of its bailout package. The New York Times described it as "the latest sign that the crisis surrounding European finances was starting to ebb". The BBC reported, "Greece's efforts to tackle its public deficit have had a 'strong start', the International Monetary Fund and European Union have said."

The report added that the Greek government had made "impressive" efforts regarding structural reforms, trimming pensions and continuing efforts to reform the labour market. "The programme has made remarkable progress," said Servaas Deroose, a representative for the European Commission.

Earlier this year, the media was flooded by negative waves of heavy criticism, fear of potential spread of the crisis, and even hostility against Greece –--- both the state and its people. Pessimism loomed, and it seemed that Greece’s default was inevitable, a financial disaster simply waiting to happen.

Gradually a decline in these media outbursts became apparent, reflecting perhaps a period of behind-the-scenes workings between Greek and international financial and political experts. Still, an editorial of The New York Times criticised European leaders for going "from panic to complacency" in a few months and warned that there is no time for such attitudes as "the eurozone crisis is not over".

Complacency was followed by optimism and relief, only for the short-lived nature of this euphoria to be exposed. Stories are once again placing Greece side-by-side with gloomy verbs and nouns: "shrank", "decline", and, of course, "unemployment".

The BBC, headlining, "Greek Economy Shrinks a Further 1.5%", says a further contraction of the Greek economy in the second quarter of the year suggests an accelerated rate of recession. Reduced government spending, an outcome of the aggressive austerity policies, accompanied not only a decline in Gross Domestic Product but also a continuing rise in unemployment figures.

According to the Greek Statistics Agency, there was a rise of 43.2% in the number of unemployed in May, compared with the same month last year. This effectively means 181,784 people who were employed in 2009 are now without a job. Even worse, unemployment is due to rise further.

Anyone who lives in Greece has a drama of job loss to tell, either their own story or that of a person related to them. More than one in three in the 15-24 age bracket are out of work: that should worry the social services, given that a high proportion of those involved in violence during the recent strikes were youngsters.

The latest strike, that of the Greek truck drivers, paralysed the country for almost a week. The strike, which began on 25 July at the height of the holiday season, protested planned reforms aimed at liberalising the freight industry. The havoc created by the lack of fuel not only affected citizens who could not get to their jobs but also destroyed food exports, such as the peach industry, and crippled the tourist industry, leaving thousands stranded at their destinations. The government was forcedin the end to call in the army to ensure supplies of fuel to airports, hospitals, and power stations and to halt the devastating effect on the already burdened economy.

Meanwhile, the editor of the Greek newspaper ‘H KAΘHMEPINH’ argues that ‘the intensity of true public discontent has been surprisingly low’. This statement, given the prevailing chaos and violence which resulted in the death of four innocent people working in a bank, seems overly optimistic. Even if there is relative tolerance of the existing austerity cuts, the long-term effects of reduced wages and pensions are more likely to be felt in the following months. The more the discontent, the greater the resistance. And the less that the state claims it can do, the more the people will turn to past offenders who are perceived to have led the country into the brink of bankruptcy.

Although many lists of tax evaders (including doctors and lawyers) have been published by the media, arrests for corruption, tax avoidance, and money laundering have yet to be made. And until the perpetrators are brought to justice, Greek society remains volatile, even during this holiday mood.

A popular Greek blog ‘Fimotro’ wrote about a telling event that occurred this week in a fish tavern in Paros, one of the Cyclades Islands). When a Greek couple finished eating, they took their bill to the nearby table where Dimitris Sioufas, the former President of the Greek Parliament under the conservative party of Nea Dimokratia, was dining with colleagues. The couple placed the bill in front of the politicians’ plates and shouted, "Take it, and pay it using the stolen money."