China This Week: Deadly Mudslides, Pollution Crackdown, Nuclear Weapons Promise

Death toll from China floods and mudslides: The death toll from the massive mudslide in northwest China's Gansu Province has risen to 1,156 as of 4 p.m. Friday, with 588 still missing, local authorities said.‬

Meanwhile, at least 38 people are missing after rain-triggered floods and landslides ravaged Wenchuan County in southwest China's Sichuan Province early Saturday.‬ No casualties had been reported, a spokesperson with the county government said.

An 8-magnitude earthquake claimed almost 70,000 lives in Wenchaun on 12 May 2008.‬

Chinese flags will be lowered to half-mast across the country and at overseas embassies and consulates on Sunday to mourn the victims of the mudslide. Public entertainment will be suspended on Sunday.

According to some Chinese traditions, the seventh day after a death is the height of the mourning period.‬

Industrial Polluters Given Two Months to Close: China's industry chiefs have warned more than 2,000 companies to close obsolete production facilities within two months or face cuts in credit and a suspension of government approvals.‬

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has set the deadline in a move to cut overcapacity and raise the level of economic growth.‬ The cement, paper-making and iron sectors are the most significantly affected.

Companies could also face power cuts from suppliers if they fail to cut pollution.

China's Nuclear Arsenal “Purely Defensive": China's nuclear weapons are for self-defense, a top commander in the army's strategic missile corps said.‬

"If no power presses for nuclear war with China, the Second Artillery Force will always keep silent," promised General Jing Zhiyuan. "We will firmly pursue a defensive nuclear strategy and resolutely implement the 'no first use' policy."

Premier Urges Greater Foreign Aid Efforts: Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has declared, "China's aid should favor the least developed countries, inland and small island developing countries, and focus on livelihood projects that are urgently needed and welcomed by local people, such as hospitals, schools, water supplies and clean energy."

China's Railway Technology: China's high-speed railway technology is not inferior to any other country's in safety and sophistication, senior officials said on Wednesday, claiming that Bullet trains running from 250 to 350 km per hour have travelled 280 million km in the country so far.

The announcment came after criticism from a Japanese high-speed rail company, which is competing with China for overseas business.‬

Ministry Rejects Convict Labour Report: China's Ministry of Commerce rejected foreign media reports that Chinese companies had been sending convicted criminals abroad on work projects abroad to prevent overcrowding in prisons.‬

The reporting was "nonsense with no facts or evidence," said the ministry in an official statement on its website.‬ Sources in the ministry said the reports were featured in the Japan Times, The Guardian, The Washington Times, and Canada's Globe and Mail newspapers.

Government Urges Efforts in Grain Production: China's Ministry of Agriculture said Friday that autumn grain production has entered a critical period, as it pressed local authorities to step up efforts to ensure a good harvest.‬

The autumn grain harvest makes up 70 percent of China's annual total. annual grain harvest.

Summer grain output declined 0.3 percent to 123.1 million tonnes, the first fall in seven years, according to the National Bureau of Statistics‬ .

China, Africa Forge Farming Ties: China's agricultural cooperation with Africa requires more strategy than passion, an executive from a leading Chinese agribusiness company has said, as Beijing plans to strengthen the China-Africa new strategic partnership with more focus on agricultural links.‬

"The fragile political situation is still the biggest challenge for Chinese companies investing in Africa," Xu Jun, deputy general manager of China State Farms Agribusiness Corporation (CSFAC), said.

Last year, a cooperative program worth more than 70 million yuan ($10 million) between the CSFAC and Ghana's ruling party came to an abrupt halt when the opposition party took office, Xu said. "Now we prefer to talk with government administrations instead of party leaders when it comes to further cooperation."

China-Argentina Co-operation on Antarctic Expedition: China and Argentina will be more active in cooperation on Antarctic scientific expeditions, an official from the State Oceanic Administration of China has said.‬

"As a country closest to the South Pole in Latin America, Argentina provides ideal conditions for Chinese expedition teams to gather and rest before entering the pole," Wei Wenliang, head of the Polar Expedition Office, said.‬ "China is willing to launch more antarctic scientific expedition projects with Argentina and contribute to peace of the South Pole, especially after Argentine President Cristina Fernandez's successful visit to China in July this year."

China Launches New Remote-Sensing satellite: China on Tuesday successfully put into orbit another remote-sensing satellite, "Yaogan X", from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in northern Shanxi Province.

China Economy Weekly: Monetary Policy; Manufacturing Shifts; Energy Use

China's Loose Monetary Policy: The People's Bank of China has said it will maintain its moderately loose monetary policy and enhance financial supports to boost the economy' s sustainable development.

The PBOC reiterated it would maintain continuity and stability in monetary policy while, at the same time, making the policy more specific and more flexible. It also vowed to improve the yuan's exchange rate mechanism and to increase financial support to promote the transformation of the economic growth pattern and adjustment of the economic structure.

Chinese Economy "To Fare Well": The Chinese economy is on track to fare well this year if recent natural disasters do not disrupt grain supply and thus fuel high inflation, said Zhao Xiaoyu, vice-president of the Asian Development Bank.

Despite the fall in July in the country's procurement managers' index (PMI), which measures economic expansion, policymakers will introduce new supportive measures if economic slowdown continues, making China still attractive for foreign investment, analysts said.

Mergers reduce China's Central Enterprises: The number of China's centrally-administered state-owned enterprises (SOEs) was reduced to 123 from 125, after two mergers were approved by the State Council, the country's Cabinet.

China National Real Estate Development Group Corporation was merged into China Communications Construction Company Limited, while Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute became a wholly-owned subsidiary of China Shipping (Group) Company.

The Chinese government wants to reduce the number of SOEs to less than 100,focusing on the creation of 30-50 large groups with strong international competitiveness, by the end of 2010.

China Crackdown on Hot Money:China's foreign exchange regulator Wednesday pledged to continue efforts to manage illegal capital inflows in the second half of the year.

The State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) said it had investigated up to 3.5 million cases of international trade transactions, involving a total of $440 billion, during its hot money monitoring campaign, which began in February.

SAFE said last month that its investigations had found 190 cases, involving $7.35 billion, of hot money inflows.

The hot money campaign was launched amid concerns that speculators were betting on an appreciation of the Chinese currency and rising asset prices.

China "To Make Yuan Convertible": The ultimate goal of China's exchange rate reform is to make the yuan a fully convertible currency, Yi Gang, deputy governor of the People's Bank of China, said Friday, although he added, "There is no official timetable for a convertible yuan."

China can maintain a flexible exchange rate and make the currency stand at a basically reasonable and balanced level, Yi said.

Central Bank Pledges Support to Western Regions: Chinese central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan said the bank will increase its financial support for the development of the country's western regions.

The central bank will offer more financial aid to the tourism industry and other service industries, according to remarks Zhou made during his visit to the provinces of Qinghai and Gansu.

Zhou also said the central bank will seek to make fundraising easier for small- and medium-sized businesses and farmers. Greater efforts will be made to boost financial innovation and to support urbanization in western China, he added.

China Cuts Tariffs for Civilian High-Tech Projects:China has scrapped tariffs and value-added taxes on core equipment, components, and raw materials imported and used in civilian high-tech projects since July 15, according to a circular of the Ministry of Finance.

The projects exempted from taxation include core electronics, high-end universal chips, basic software, integrated circuit-manufacturing equipment, new generation wireless mobile communication networks, and new drugs for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis.

China Automobile Sales Rise: China's annual production and sales of new autos will surpass 15 million vehicles this year, Dong Yang, secretary-general of the China Association of Automobile Manufactures, said Wednesday.

Auto sales in China continued to rise in July, though at a slower pace than in previous months. The growth rate slowed from 124 percent in January to 40 percent in April, to 17.18 percent in July.

Based upon June exports, China's total auto exports for the year will hit or even exceed the 2008 levels seen before the financial crisis, Dong added.

China Energy Use: Chinese energy consumption per unit of GDP rose 0.09 percent year on year from January to June, the National Bureau of Statistics said.

Some high-energy-consuming industries reported less energy consumption per unit of industrial value-added output: the construction materials industry's use dropped 7.61 percent; the chemicals industry's fell 4.28 percent; and the coal industry's declined 2.69 percent.

Conversely, the nonferrous metals industry consumed 8.11 percent more energy per unit while the oil and petrochemicals industry consumed 11.35 percent more.

China cut energy use per unit of GDP 14.38 percent between 2006 and 2009. It aims to reduce consumption 20 percent between 2005 and 2010.

China Stop Subsidy of Energy-Intensive Firms: Preferential electricity rates granted by 22 provincial governments for high energy-consuming businesses have been scrapped, China's top economic planner announced Friday.

All energy-intensive enterprises must be subject to the new power tariff surcharges introduced in May, said the National Development and Reform Commission.

Expansion in Non-Manufacturing Sector, Drop in Manufacturing: The Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for China's non-manufacturing sector rose to 60.1 percent in July, up 2.7 percentage points from the previous month, the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing (CFLP) said Tuesday.

The non-manufacturing PMI includes a package of indices to measure the non-manufacturing sector's performance. A reading above 50 percent indicates economic expansion, while one below 50 percent indicates contraction.

The July rise in the index came after two successive monthly drops and was the fifth straight month the reading was above 50 percent.

The new orders index jumped to 55.8 percent in July, 2.9 percentage points higher than June, the CFLP said, reflecting robust demand in retail and catering services.

However, manufacturing slowed as the Government tried to
curb the risk of overheating and adjust the economic structure.

The PMI for manufacuring eased 0.9 percentage points from a month earlier to 51.2 percent in July

The index has stood above 50 points for 17 straight months. However, it is down for the third consecutive month and is at its lowest since February 2009, when it fell below 50.

China This Week: Rain-triggered Floods; South China Sea Issues; PLA Air Defense Drills; Sino-Latin America Ties

Floods Kill 1,072, 619 missing: Rain-triggered floods have left 1,072 people dead and 619 others missing this year in China.

The floods affected 140 million people in 28 provinces and regions and caused direct economic losses estimated at almost 210 billion yuan (almost $70 billion), said Shu Qingpeng, deputy director of the Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters.

The flooding also destroyed more than 1.1 million homes and damaged 9.72 million hectares of farmland. China's large rivers, including the Yangtze, the Yellow and the Songhua, were all swollen to danger levels after heavy rains inundated more than 160 cities across the country.

China Opposes Vietnam, US on South China Sea: China firmly opposes any remarks and actions that violate its sovereignty over the Xisha Islands and adjacent waters in the South China Sea, said Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu on Friday.

Jiang made the comment after Vietnamese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Nguyen Phuong Nga said, according to media reports, that Chinese vessels' seismic exploration activities near Xisha Islands had violated Vietnam's sovereignty.

"China has indisputable sovereignty over Xisha Islands and adjacent waters," Jiang reiterated in a news release.

Defense Ministry spokesman Geng Yansheng said China had "indisputable sovereignty" over islands in the South China Sea and the surrounding waters, one week after US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton talked of US "national interests" in the area.

Geng said at a press conference that China would push for the resolution of differences regarding the South China Sea with "relevant countries" through dialogue and negotiations and that Beijing objected to having the issue internationalised.

China would respect the liberty of ships and aircraft from "relevant countries" traversing the South China Sea in accordance with international laws, Geng added.

China held military drills in waters alongside US-South Korean exercises, leading to speculation that China had staged them intentionally to send a message to the US.

But Geng denied there was any connection, "The increased exposure of Chinese military exercises aims to showcase a more open, pragmatic and transparent Chinese military. I hope our friends in the media correctly analyze and understand the exercises and do not speculate or over-interpret them."

12,000 Take Part in Air Defence Drills: Chinese air defence forces on Thursday battled rain during a five-day military exercise.

More than 12,000 Chinese military personnel, along with seven types of military aircraft, took part "Vanguard 2010", which started on Tuesday in seven cities across Henan and Shandong Provinces.

Reports said the annual drill, consisting of two phases to run from Tuesday to Saturday, would feature emergency evacuations, war planning, reconnaissance, early warning activities, ground-to-air attacks, and evacuations of command posts during its first phase which ends on Thursday.

Its second phase includes testing Chinese air defense troops' abilities in fighting air units in a "complicated electromagnetic environment".

China to enhance army's capabilities: China's armed forces will continue to enhance their capabilities and military readiness to safeguard sovereignty, security, and development of the nation, Defense Minister Liang Guanglie said.

Liang made the remarks while addressing a reception held in Beijing to mark the 83rd anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army (PLA).

Liang said the army should strengthen military training, adopt more high-technology weapons and equipment, improve military logistics, and increase combat capabilities by using information technology.

Meanwhile, a spokesman said China's defense expenditure has been maintained at a "reasonable and appropriate level".

China's annual defense expenditure has been around 1.4 percent of its GDP in recent years while the share of some major world powers is between 2 and 4 percent, according to Geng Yansheng.

China Hopes US to Contribute to Military Exchange: China called on the United States to "handle carefully" sensitive issues such as arms sale to Taiwan and contribute to the development of military-to-military relations between the two countries.

Senior Colonel Geng Yansheng, spokesman of China's Ministry of National Defense, urged the US to create "favorable environment and conditions" to promote military-to-military relations between the countries.

In January, China cut off some military exchanges with the US following the Pentagon's decision to sell a $6.4-billion arms package to Taiwan.

Chinese FM’s visit to Austria, Latin America: Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said his visit to Austria, Mexico, Cuba and Costa Rica was a great success, claiming consensus with leaders and foreign ministers on the international financial crisis and reforms, climate change, and the UN Millennium Development Goals.

Yang said annual trade with Latin America has reached nearly $150 billion, and China has become the region's second biggest trade partner.

Venezuela and China discussed ten agreements involving cooperation in energy, mining, food and gas sectors. China agreed to back Venezuela's 17 development projects by providing $4 billion in credit loans via the China Development Bank (CDB).

China's policy toward Pacific Islands countries: China will continue to provide assistance to help the Pacific Island countries build capacity to tackle global financial crisis and climate change, and support the sustainable development, said Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Cui Tiankai.

Cui made the remarks at the the 22nd Pacific Islands Forum's Dialogue Meeting, which was held in the Vanuatu capital of Port Vila on Friday.

China, Iran pledge to carry out cooperation projects: China and Iran on Friday pledged to pursue cooperation projects after a meeting between Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang and visiting Iranian Oil Minister Masoud Mirkazemi.



The Chinese Foreign Ministry release did not specify the cooperation projects nor where they would be implemented.

Iran is one of the major crude oil suppliers to China and a crucial trade partner in west Asia and north Africa.

It was in the fundamental interests of both countries to cement friendly and cooperative ties, Li said. China would like to work with Iran to cement political trust, maintain communication and coordination on international and regional issues so as to safeguard regional and world peace, stability and prosperity, he added.



China Opposes EU sanctions on Iran: China opposed unilateral sanctions levied on Iran by the European Union, said Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu.

"We hope the relevant parties will adhere to diplomatic means on the issue," said Jiang in response to a question. China maintains that the Iran nuclear issue should be resolved through dialogue and negotiations, she added.

China to Participate in Drill in Kazakhstan: More than 1,000 army and air force officers and soldiers from China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) will take part in an anti-terror exercise in Kazakhstan this autumn.

The "Peace Mission 2010" exercise will be the seventh of its kind held under the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.

China reaffirms friendship with DPRK: Chinese Assistant Foreign Minister Hu Zhengyue said on Friday that China is committed to consolidating ties with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea .

In a meeting with Yang Hyong Sop, Vice President of the Presidium of North Korea's Supreme People's Assembly, Hu said Chinese leaders attach great importance to the bilateral relationship. It is China's steadfast policy to continuously consolidate and enhance good neighbourliness and friendly cooperation with the DPRK.

China to Launch Fifth Orbiter: China will launch a fifth orbiter into space, as part of its satellite navigation and positioning network, Beidou, in the next few days.



The network will eventually consist of 35 satellites. China started building its own satellite navigation system in 2000 to end its dependence upon the U.S. GPS system. Beidou is designed to provide navigation, time and short message services in the Asia and Pacific region in 2010 and will be capable of providing global navigation services by 2020.

New Plan Targets Pollution: China plans to introduce ambitious new targets for the reduction of major pollutants in the upcoming 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-15).

Two new pollution indicators, nitrogen oxide --- mainly discharged from power plants and vehicles --- and ammonia nitrogen, a major measure of water quality, will be added to the emission control list for the next five years, said Gao Dongsheng, deputy director of the department of energy conservation and resources utilization within the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.

Population Control in Beijing: In a move to reduce a burgeoning population, the Beijing People's Congress has advocated a restriction of low-wage workers in the capital through closures of small businesses.

The Congress recommended population control measures be part of the city's 2011-15 development plan, with an adjustment of industries through the introduction of more skilled workers and a reduction in the overall demand for laborers.

Beijing's population reached 19.72 million at the end of 2009. Among this figure, 7.26 million people were migrant workers who had been living in the city for more than six months. If unregistered migrant workers and people on short visits to the capital are also taken into consideration, the floating population in Beijing could have exceeded 10 million, the municipal officials said in the report.

China's first amphibious plane starts test flight: The first China-made amphibious plane, Seagull 300, begins its test flight on Thursday.

The plane can take off from and land on a 600-metre-long and 50-metre-wide runway either on the land or on the water.

The four-to-six-passenger plane costs more than 4 million yuan ($600,000) and can be used for business, passenger, cargo, medical aid, or sightseeing flights.

Pakistan: A Growing Friendship with Beijing? (Raaff)

Seb Raaff writes for EA:

Lately, the Pakistani Government has been taking blows from the “West”. With growing distrust of its commitment to the destruction of the Taliban in Afghanistan,and the recent Wikileaks documents suggesting Pakistani intelligence ties with insurgents, Islamabad has found itself out of favour in both London and Washington.

With Beijing, the situation is much different.

Pakistan, an observer of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) since 2005, however, because of concerns from other members, it has been denied full membership as recently as this spring. However, the spate of upsets with the West could have strengthened Pakistan’s links with China and its neighbours. Indeed, after President Asif Ali Zardari’s visit to Beijing on 12 July, relations have appeared to go from good to better.

Dawn reported:

Appreciating Pakistan’s one-China policy, the Chinese leadership assured President Zardari of their continued support to Pakistan at the United Nations and other multilateral forums in its fight against militancy. China has already supported Pakistan’s full membership to the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

President Asif Ali Zardari was also able to secure a grant of 50 million Yuan (about $7.4 million) for Pakistan’s development, as well as a signed agreement on increased economic cooperation.

This increase in support comes at a time when Beijing is also wooing Pakistan with the promise of two new nuclear reactors despite complaints from Washington. Even though China is a member of the Nuclear Suppliers Group, which prohibits the transfer of nuclear technology to countries --- such as Pakistan --- have not signed the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty, Beijing is pressing ahead with the sale.

As Pakistan faces a humanitarian disaster in one of its most volatile regions with last week’s floods, increasing criticism from the West, and ever-present threats to stability from indigenous terrorism, China’s recent ventures may bring strengthened links with Islamabad, even if this causes tension in Pakistan’s ties with the West.

China Special: Beijing's Diplomatic Offensive for Economic Growth

In the past few months, Chinese leaders have been paying more official visits around the world (see list at end of article). Besides the sightseeing, "maintaining stable economic growth and promoting development are the main goals of China's diplomacy in 2010”.

China has historically tried to strengthen bilateral and multilateral relationships with other countries and organizations through economic cooperation and development rather than military alliances such as NATO. As Yang Jiechi, the Chinese Foreign Minister, asserts,“China's development has been made possible by our dedicated efforts on the economic and social fronts, not by armed expansion abroad."

Examples?

*At the APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) Summit in 2009, Chinese President Hu Jintao called for greater efforts to promote trade and investment liberalisation and to oppose protectionism in dealing with the economic crisis/

*On 1 January 2010, the China-ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Free Trade Area, the world's largest FTA embracing developing countries, was created, with the average tariff on goods from ASEAN countries to China cut to 0.1%, and the six original ASEAN members slashing the average tariff on Chinese goods from 12.8% to 0.6%.

*On May 2010, China and the United States held the second round of the Strategic and Economic Dialogues in Beijing, discussing key issues including trade, investment, global economy recovery, and climate change.

*In July 2010, German Chancellor Angela Merkel paid an official visit to China. The two countries pledged to strengthen dialogue and cooperation in a wide range of areas including politics, economy,and culture.

*China, Japan, and South Korea are researching the establishment of a free trade area among the three nations. This research will be completed before 2010.

While many countries have yet to escape the aftereffects of the global economic downturn, China achieved the fastest growth worldwide in 2009, becoming the second-largest importing country and the largest exporter. At the same time, China still faces many challenges and difficulties. For example, China's per capita GDP is still lower than that of at least 100 countries. With the shrinking of overseas markets, China’s exports are suffering a sharp decrease. China is “at the lower end of the global industrial chain and lacks competitiveness in scientific research and development and high-end manufacturing”. Inside the country, the wealth gap between rich and poor, and the unevenness of development between east and west is increasing.

The international financial and economic crisis has been the catalyst for China to accelerate its economic restructuring and transformation of growth patterns. In June, Chongqing, the biggest municipality of China, won government approval to set up a special economic zone --- Liangjiang New Area --- the nation's third of its kind after Shanghai Pudong and Tianjin Binhai. Liangjiang New Area is set to become a modern manufacturing base and the premier financial center in western China, driven by pillar industries including IT, automobile, and equipment and machinery manufacturing.

In July, the Chinese central government unveiled an ambitious plan to boost growth and development in its western region --- more than 70 percent of the Chinese mainland's area and habitat of 75 percent of the country's ethnic minority population, involving six provinces, five autonomous regions, and the Chongqing municipality.

On the one hand, China endeavours to promote economic and trade cooperations, introducing more foreign investments and importing more energy resources and high technology. According to a report of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, China became the second-largest recipient of foreign investment in 2009, attracting $95 billion of foreign capital.

On the other hand, China seeks to expand exports and overseas investment. Statistics from the Ministry of Commerce show that China's outbound direct investment surged by 24 percent to $55.18 billion during the first six months of 2010, mainly in the sectors of mining, commercial services, manufacturing, wholesale, and retail.

This is the context for China's diplomacy “maintaining stable economic growth and promoting development”. Expanding economic influence support China's effort to amplify its voice on global affairs, defending its interests and strengthening the country's image as a responsible international power. Economic diplomacy is linked in particular to peace and development in the Asia-Pacific Region.

The Major Official Visits of Chinese Leaders in 2010

Jan 5-14: Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi visited Kenya, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Algeria, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Maldives;

Mar 17-28: Vice Premier Hui Liangyu visited Cambodia, Laos, Palestine, Israel and India;

Mar 20-30: Vice President Xi Jinping visited Russia, Belarus, Finland and Sweden;

Mar 21-Apr 1: Jia Qinglin, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, visited Cameroon, Namibia and South Africa;

Apr 12-17: President Hu Jintao attended the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington and the Second BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) Summit in Brasilia, and visited Brazil.

(From April 17-18, President Hu should have visited Venezuela and Chile, but the trip was deferred because of the earthquake in Qinghai Province. On April 22-25, Premier Wen Jiabao was scheduled to visit Brunei, Indonesia and Myanmar, but it was postponed because of the earthquake.)

May 8-9: President Hu Jintao attended the ceremony marking the 65th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 in Moscow, Russia;

May 28-Jun 3, Premier Wen Jiabao paid a formal visit to South Korea, Japan, Mongolia, and Myanmar and attended the third China-Japan-South Korea Summit in Jeju Island, South Korea;

Jun 5-19: He Guoqiang, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and head of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC, visited Italy, Iceland, Norway, Lithuania and Turkmenistan;

Jun 8: State Councilor Dai Bingguo took part in the third summit of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-building Measures in Asia, which was held in Istanbul, Turkey;

Jun 9-11: President Hu Jintao visited Uzbekistan and attended the 10th Meeting of the Council of Heads of States of Shanghai Cooperation Organization was held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan;

Jun 9-21: Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang visited Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Greece and Austria;

Jun 14-24: Vice President Xi Jinping visited Bangladesh, Laos, New Zealand and Australia;

Jun 23-27: President Hu Jintao visited Canada and took part in the fourth summit of Group of Twenty (G20) in Toronto;

Jul7-2:, Wu Bangguo, chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress, visited France, Serbia and Switzerland and also attended the third World Conference of Speakers of Parliament in Geneva, Switzerland;

Jul 20-27: State Councilor Dai Bingguo visited Ethiopia, Algeria, Equatorial Guinea, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Zambia;

Jul 25-Aug 4: Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi visits Austria, Mexico, Cuba and Costa Rica.